If you're an adventure enthusiast, particularly for mountain activities, climbing is likely one of your passions. But here's the thing... Once you're up there, how do you get back down? The answer is probably already in your mind - yes, the descent technique we're referring to is called abseiling (or rappelling), which will safely bring you back to solid ground.
Before delving into the details, it's worth explaining for the curious exactly what this sport or technique involves. Because yes, for many it's an enjoyable sport, while for others it's a necessary technique for descending during hiking, canyoning or even caving, as many activities require vertical descent.
Can I practise this sport alone?
Generally, abseiling is a group activity to maintain appropriate safety standards for the adventure type. If you're a complete beginner, forget about practising this sport solo. It's better to maintain proper respect and put yourself in the hands of professionals who thoroughly understand the sport and can provide complete assistance.
What equipment do I need?
Group equipment
As we've mentioned, it's typically a group activity, as this makes for a safer and more enjoyable experience. Therefore, you'll need a rope, screwgate carabiners and at least two non-locking ones, plus webbing or an anchor rope (in case the main rope encounters problems and you need backup).
Personal equipment
- Helmet. Never go without one - not just for potential falls, but also because of possible rockfall that could injure you.
- Gloves. Hand protection is absolutely essential.
- Descender device. This gives you better control during descent.
- Harness (waist or full-body). You must always be properly secured.
- Screwgate carabiner. Typically auto-locking with safety threading, though some use bayonet closures.
- Anchor strap or safety line. For exposed positions, this helps set up your abseil more securely.
Friction systems...
This is what enables your descent - but how? Through mechanical systems that vary depending on your experience or the wall you're descending. Options include carabiners, belay systems, figure-eight devices or other tools like descenders.
- Figure-eight. The most commonly used system, available in numerous models (curved, square, large, small, with ears...). The classic system works best - thread the rope through the safety carabiner connecting the eight to your harness to avoid problems like Lark's Head knots.
- Carabiners. The most popular system, using either single or multiple carabiners. With a single HMS carabiner (attached to your harness), you can use two techniques: wraps (minimum two wraps around the carabiner, though not recommended) and dynamic knots (offering more flexibility and generally safer). There's a multi-carabiner technique, but it's falling out of use as it's harder to remember.
- Other devices. New mechanisms are emerging like Gri-Gris or SUMs, Reverso plates, or self-belay systems. Having a device that allows both securing and descending is much more practical and safer. There are also plates and tubes offering less friction, requiring a locking system (some feature auto-locking for convenience). You'll also find systems like descenders or racks, popular among cavers.
Abseiling is an incredibly exciting sport we recommend to all mountain and nature lovers. Don't miss out - just remember it's best practised with companions and well-maintained equipment, as your safety comes first.
