How to Navigate in the Mountains Without a GPS

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By Bosco Andrada posted on 04 July 2019 | Reading time: 4 Minutes | Last update 13 March 2019

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Even the latest technology can fail at times, which is why we’re sharing simple guidelines on how to orient yourself far from civilisation without GPS, using natural and man-made elements.

The first thing we must be clear about is that if something can go wrong, it will. As you know, nature is unpredictable and can change your plans in a matter of minutes, so it’s best to work with it. We can rely on artificial orientation, using tools created by humans, or on natural orientation, leveraging the environment itself, as the name suggests.

In today’s highly technological world, we’ve all developed an "over-reliance" on our mobile phones for everything. Smartphones have undoubtedly made life easier—they assist us daily—but they’re still machines that can fail, right? That’s why we’re sharing some handy tips on what to do if you find yourself without GPS in the mountains. Believe it or not, very few hikers actually follow these tips.

HOW TO NAVIGATE IN THE MOUNTAINS WITHOUT GPS

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1. Mental Map of the Area You’ll Explore

The first (and crucial) step is to memorise the area you’ll be hiking using a map. Study it as if you were preparing for finals—every colour, path, valley, river, and landmark matters. Essentially, the route and its surroundings.

Don’t rely on other hikers you might meet on the trail; they may not be there when you need them. Always be prepared! And of course, carry the map with you.

2. Always Carry a Compass

It sounds obvious, but this small tool pointing to the magnetic north can save you from disaster. Everyone knows about it, and it’s neither expensive nor bulky to carry in your backpack.

Even without a map, it’s incredibly useful. Remember to keep it away from metal objects and use it on a flat surface, like your hand.

(You might also like: "Quick Guide to First Aid in the Mountains")

3. Read the Landscape as You Go

The landscape won’t move, so use natural landmarks like trees, bushes, or rocks as reference points.

We say "reference" because, for example, in thick fog or low visibility, you might barely see a few metres ahead.

4. Use Sounds and Other Clues

As a last resort, your hearing can help—more than you’d think. Subconsciously, you’ll notice sounds and noises throughout your hike. In moments of confusion, you’ll recall them and pinpoint their direction, which—combined with visual memory—will guide you roughly where you need to go.