To begin with, powered microlights refer to a group of aircraft where lift is maintained by an engine. Meeting specific classification criteria, these are subject to less stringent regulations than heavier aircraft, making them easier to fly and more affordable when flying as a passenger. They're divided into several classes, from 1 to 6, based on their characteristics and power.
The Class 1 microlight is well-known to the public: it's simply the powered paraglider! However, distinguishing between other classes and understanding the specifics behind their mysterious names can be challenging. Since each aircraft offers a unique flying experience, we've created this concise guide to help you choose your craft based on the aerial adventure you dream of!
Class 2: the weight-shift microlight
Class 3: the fixed-wing microlight
Class 4: the gyroplane microlight
Class 2: the weight-shift microlight
We begin our list with a WSL (Weight-Shift Light) aircraft, or powered hang glider. This subclass of microlights covering classes 1 to 3 includes the lightest weight-shift models, characterised by a maximum total mass below 170 kilograms and maximum continuous power no greater than 25 kW for single-seaters.
The weight-shift microlight is a powered aircraft similar to a hang glider, except its lift is maintained by an engine positioned at the rear of a carriage attached to the semi-rigid wing you're familiar with. It gets its name from its operating system, as its delta wing acts like a pendulum supporting its centre of gravity: the carriage. Regulations limit it to a conventional landing speed of 65 km/h, maximum power of 45 kW and mass of 300 kilograms (60 kW and 450 kg respectively for two-seaters).
The key difference between weight-shift and other microlight classes is that the carriage is completely open: the flying experience happens directly in contact with the air, much like a hang glider! With no walls obstructing your vision and thanks to the aircraft's pendulum movements, the Class 2 microlight is ideal for scenic flights and thrilling sensations.
Class 3: the fixed-wing microlight
The fixed-wing is the heaviest microlight in the WSL class: it gets its name from the three flight control axes it possesses. While its name doesn't reveal much about its appearance, it actually corresponds to a small enclosed aircraft.
In terms of legal characteristics, the fixed-wing is defined as an aircraft with a fixed wing, rather than semi-rigid (what we commonly call wings). It's limited to 70 km/h minimum constant flight speed in landing configuration, maximum power of 65 kW for single-seaters (80 kW for two-seaters) and maximum weight of 330 kg or 500 kilograms for two-seaters.
It stands out from other gliders by being more comfortable. Indeed, it features an enclosed cockpit, ensuring a flight experience closer to conventional aviation than hang gliding. Lighter and more fuel-efficient than traditional small aircraft, the three-axis is more affordable than larger models, making it an attractive choice if you're looking for a comfortable aerial adventure.
Class 4: the gyroplane microlight
Gyroplane, autogyro or gyrocopter, three different spellings for the same helicopter-like machine! Invented in Spain, the gyroplane features a free-spinning rotor wing, meaning a propeller powered by a rotor typically positioned at the rear of the aircraft.
Note that it shouldn't be confused with helicopter microlights, which correspond to Class 6 ultralights. Unlike its bigger brother, the gyroplane's rotor is primarily powered by wind force generated during flight: it therefore can't hover, whereas helicopters have no problem staying stationary. Gradually being replaced by Class 6 microlights, the gyroplane offers a journey back in time, to the era before helicopters existed: promising an authentic and unconventional experience.
The number one advantage of gyroplanes is their versatility! Some have enclosed cabins, others are completely open like weight-shift models. Whether you prefer comfort or the gentle caress of wind on your face, the gyrocopter offers an experience to suit all open-air adventurers.
Regarding specifications, it has maximum power of 85 kW for single-seaters and 105 kW for two-seaters. Current French regulations limit its mass with passenger to 330 kilograms (550 kg for two-seaters).
In summary, what distinguishes different microlight classes is the flying experience that awaits you! While they vary slightly in terms of power and maximum speed, we assure you won't feel frustrated aboard a weight-shift or terrified in a gyroplane. The question you should ask is whether you prefer having the wind in your face with panoramic cloud views, or trading the thrill of gusts for the comfort of a fixed-wing's cabin.
Why not try each model with a three-stage trial flight? Now that microlights hold no secrets for you, discover all available microlight flight offers in France.
