The hot air balloon is a journey from yesterday to today. The first aircraft that allowed man to fly and which has now become a genuine attraction for those seeking leisure and adventure. But what has been its path until today, and more importantly, how does it work?

It was in 1709, during a hot August month, when Bartolomeu de Gusmão demonstrated a small hot air balloon ascent at Lisbon's Casa de Indias. At that time, it was an unmanned flight, but it was already a striking demonstration of what was to come.


History



1783, France and the Montgolfier brothers. A linen balloon covered with paper. A fire source and the first three passengers: a duck, a sheep and a rooster. The flight lasted about 15 minutes and travelled 2 kilometres, reaching 1,830 metres in height.

Then in 1999 came the first hot air balloon circumnavigation. Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones covered 46,759 kilometres in 19 days.

This chronological journey shows a remarkable evolution over the years until today, where the hot air balloon has become an almost vintage element. A device that has somewhat changed its functionalities but not its appeal, as it remains one of the most sought-after activities. But do you actually know how it works? We'll explain, so both enthusiasts and sceptics can fall for its charm.

  • The materials
Today's balloons are made of synthetic, waterproof material, designed to withstand the high temperatures generated inside without issue. These temperatures are produced by propane burners, the gas used for routine flights. Other elements like helium are used for longer journeys.


in the air



For passengers, there's the basket, woven from wicker. Typically, its capacity doesn't exceed 6 people, though the largest balloon today can carry up to 32 passengers.

Other instruments commonly carried on board include a compass, maps and a radio.

  • Inflating the balloon

Inflated



Inflating the balloon happens in two stages. First, the balloon is laid on the ground and filled with cold air using a large fan. Then, the propane burner positioned at the balloon's mouth blows hot air into the envelope, causing the balloon to take shape and stand upright.

This entire process, taking about 30 minutes, is done with the balloon securely tethered until takeoff, which will be slow and gentle.


Tumbadas



  • In flight
Once airborne, the pilot can choose to ascend further by activating the burners to supply more hot air. To descend, one simply waits for the air to cool or opens a vent at the top to rapidly release air. Generally, fuel supply is calculated based on intended flight duration.

It's worth noting that balloons aren't steerable as they move with the wind, though the aeronaut can change altitude to find favourable air currents.


in the sky



A balloon ride is among the most peaceful and relaxing experiences, typically enjoyed in open areas with stunning panoramic views. They can be flown year-round, with winter being most favourable as less propane is consumed, allowing longer flights.

So now that we've explored this fantastic aircraft more closely, what are you waiting for? Choose your preferred location or occasion - they're ideal for special events - and reach for the sky. Fly!